If you've been a homeowner in Calgary for any amount of time, you've likely heard of radon. Maybe you've taken it seriously and done your own research, or maybe you've dismissed it because you don't need one more thing to worry about. Regardless if you relate more with the former or latter, the following information is worth considering or sending to friends/family you think might need a little nudge to consider the risks. In this article, we're diving into the ins and outs of radon: what it is, why it matters, why it should be taken seriously (even in brand new homes), and how to mitigate it. Ok, let's begin!
What is radon?
Radon is a naturally occurring, radioactive gas that is odourless, colourless, and tasteless, so by all accounts, it is virtually undetectable. It is produced by the breakdown of uranium found in sediment (soil), rocks, and water. When radon is released into the atmosphere, it gets diluted and poses little to no risk to human health. That said, if radon accumulates inside a home, it can pose serious health risks to occupants.
Is it common?
Yes! In 2017, the University of Calgary's Cumming School of Medicine released a study about dangerous levels of radon gas in Calgary and Southern Alberta homes. The study proved that by Health Canada's standards, one in eight Calgary homes exceeds what is considered "acceptable" (200 Becquerel per cubic meter) radon levels.In 2019, an updated study by the same group found approximately one in seven Calgary homes exceeded the Canadian guideline, up considerably from only two years prior.
Why should I be concerned about it?
When left unattended, high radon levels in a home can create severe long-term health risks for residents. When inhaled, radon gas particles remain in lung tissue - over time, cell damage caused by radon can lead to the development of lung cancer. Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer [Source], and it is estimated that 16% of lung cancer deaths among Canadians are linked to indoor radon exposure [Source].
Isn’t this just an issue for older homes?
No, any age of home can have high radon levels. Even two homes side-by-side can have wildly different levels. Sometimes, new builds are constructed with radon-resistant features, but that does not guarantee that a low indoor radon level won't persist. Testing is recommended in all properties to ensure that systems are functioning correctly, and when new homes are first occupied, homeowners should conduct a long-term radon test. This may even be covered under a new home warranty program, so make sure to ask your builder or developer.Aren’t new homes already mitigated?
No. Although building code was updated in 2014 to ensure homes had a roughed-in mitigation system, it is up to a homeowner to determine if mitigation is necessary. As of November 1, 2015, all new homes are required to have the following features:- Gravel sub-membrane layer: Allows for proper venting of the whole sub-floor from suction through one hole should an active mitigation system be installed (vent pipe with a fan)
- Poly-membrane beneath the slab: Provides a barrier that minimizes radon entry
- Proper sealing around wall-floor joints: Requires sealing up to the foundation wall to minimize radon entry
- Properly sealed and labelled radon pipe: The radon pipe should be at least 100mm in diameter and should run underneath the floor up to the mid-point of the home. Sealing the pipe prevents inadvertent radon entry, and labelling clarifies the purpose of the pipe to prevent inappropriate use, like hooking up a toilet.
- Properly located radon rough-in or passive pipe: Makes it easy to access and install an active system, should one be required
How do I test?
Testing your home for radon is relatively easy and inexpensive, and Health Canada highly recommends that homeowners take the necessary steps to ensure that they are not at risk. There are two options: you can purchase a do-it-yourself kit or hire a professional.
DIY kits include instructions on properly executing the test and submitting the results for professional analysis. Test kits can be purchased by phone, online, or from several home improvement retailers and generally cost between $25-$75 - well worth the investment.
It's worth noting there are short-term and long-term tests available. Most experts will recommend purchasing long-term tests due to their reliability. Long-term tests take readings within the home for 90+ days, and since radon levels can fluctuate daily, they will give a more accurate result. Another University of Calgary study showed "short-term kits were imprecise up to 99 percent of the time when compared to a long-term test".
DIY kits include instructions on properly executing the test and submitting the results for professional analysis. Test kits can be purchased by phone, online, or from several home improvement retailers and generally cost between $25-$75 - well worth the investment.
It's worth noting there are short-term and long-term tests available. Most experts will recommend purchasing long-term tests due to their reliability. Long-term tests take readings within the home for 90+ days, and since radon levels can fluctuate daily, they will give a more accurate result. Another University of Calgary study showed "short-term kits were imprecise up to 99 percent of the time when compared to a long-term test".
What do I do if my radon levels are high?
Mitigate! If indoor radon levels in your home exceed safe levels, remedial measures are available and vary based on the type of home and its location. The higher the radon level, the sooner you should take action. But have no fear - excessive radon levels can be successfully mitigated in every type of home, often for as little as a few thousand dollars. Ultimately, it is best to consult a professional to determine the best course of action for your home. There are a number of professionals in the Calgary area who specialize in radon mitigation, we would be happy to give you a referral.Takeaways
Radon should be taken seriously, but it isn't as expensive or challenging to fix as one might think. For more resources, we suggest checking out these links:
Homeowner's Guide to Radon - PDF
University of Calgary Radon Article
Homeowner's Guide to Radon - PDF
University of Calgary Radon Article